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Acoustic Associates, Ltd.I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ISpecialists in
Hearing and Acoustics |
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Room Acoustics
Room acoustics is the characteristic of a space determined by its background noise, reverberation, and reflectivity. Problems in one or more of these areas can create an annoyance and diminish or destroy speech intelligibility.
In the home or recreational environment, poor acoustics is frustrating and hampers human relationships. In the learning or meeting environment, poor acoustics leads to tension, lost information, and inefficient use of time. In the work environment, compromised communications leads to lost productivity or unsafe conditions.
As articulated over 100 years ago by Wallace Sabine (founder of historic Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories in Geneva, Illinois) adequate speech recognition requires that:
If speech intelligibility alone is the concern, it can be measured directly - in rooms or over a PA system – using special words spoken live or delivered from a compact disk. After each word is delivered, a jury of listeners writes down what they heard. The percentage of words heard correctly is the speech intelligibility rating. Objective tests are also available to rate the listening environment.
While speech communication problems can involve factors such as vocal strength, accents, and hearing loss, most often it is a result of poor room acoustics. The best time to deal with such problems is during the design phase. But this is not always the case as poor room acoustics aren't often apparent until after a space is occupied. So while the space may have visual appeal, its poor acoustics can compromise its intended use.
While retrofitting is not the best approach, cost effective solutions can still be implemented after the fact. But the aspects of background noise, reverberation, and reflectivity must each be separately examined.
- Octave band frequency sound level measurements are needed to identify and rank-order the contribution of external noise sources (such as condensing units and highway traffic) and internal noise sources (such as ventilation systems and refrigeration units). The octave frequency levels indicated the frequency range contributing the most to the poor acoustical conditions.
REVERBERATION TIME – Reverberation time is the time it takes for noise to diminish by 60 dB. While there are various ways to assess this parameter, the most efficient approach is to pop a large balloon and use special equipment to measure the decay of sound within the room.
REFLECTIVITY – Here, the room is closely examined to identify peculiar reflective characteristics that would cause room flutter, echoes, or specular aberrations.
After each of these three acoustical parameters has been evaluated, a treatment plan can then be developed to resolve the overall room acoustics problem. If noise is the problem, we recommend noise control treatment – from moving mechanical equipment, to increasing window glazing, to installing ventilation silencers. If reverberation is the problem, we specify the type, acoustical properties, and location of sound absorption treatment. If unusual reflectivity is the problem, we recommend surface treatment to diffuse the sound. |
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For more information please call or email us: 1278 West Northwest Highway, Palatine, IL 60067 phone: 847-359-1068 fax: 847-359-1207 email: info@AcousticAssociates.com |
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